However, thus far, only some genomic data is available for the Porifera, and the sister group of Metazoa, the Choanoflagellata. For the Cnidaria, the Placozoa, and the Ctenophora genomic data and reverse genetic techniques are available ]. However, the availability of genomic resources and reverse genetic techniques in the non-bilaterian animals is limited compared to the other animals (Figure 1, tree after ). Functional studies based on reverse genetics techniques are needed to test the hypotheses provided by genomic analyses. Nevertheless, evolutionary biology relies on more than genomic data. For example, the genome of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica is playing a key role in deciphering evolutionary trends in Metazoan specific gene networks and pathways ]. Moreover, the same genomic data is used to evaluate hypotheses regarding the evolution of metazoan-specific pathways like those involved in development or cell signaling. ![]() Comparative genomic approaches were used to reconstruct ancestral genomes like the putative genome of the last common ancestor of the Metazoa (LCAM). ![]() ![]() Among the non-bilaterian animals, recent utilization of phylogenomics has increased our understanding of metazoan relationships. The ability to reconstruct the evolution of animals relies heavily on the availability of comparative data to facilitate understanding of evolutionary trends from the molecular to the organismal level.
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